China has announced new export controls on tunnel-boring machines (TBMs), equipment essential for metro rail networks, highway tunnels and major infrastructure projects, citing national security and non-proliferation concerns. The restrictions, announced by China’s Ministry of Commerce on October 19, 2026, will take effect on November 18.
Under the new measures, exporters will be required to obtain licences to ship covered tunnel-boring machines and related items. Beijing said the equipment has both civilian and military applications, making it subject to controls under China’s export-control regulations for dual-use items.
The move could create additional challenges for India, which relies heavily on imported TBMs for its expanding infrastructure programme. The machines are used in metro construction, railway corridors, road tunnels and other large-scale underground projects. India has previously faced delays in customs clearance for TBM imports from China, affecting access to equipment needed for critical infrastructure works.
China is among the world’s major suppliers of tunnelling machinery. According to Reuters, Chinese exports of self-propelled coal or rock cutters and tunnelling machinery were valued at approximately US$793 million in 2025.
The restrictions may prompt Indian infrastructure developers and equipment manufacturers to explore alternative suppliers and accelerate domestic production. India has been considering incentives to build local manufacturing capacity for high-value construction equipment, including tunnel-boring machines, to reduce dependence on imports.
China has also announced adjustments to export controls covering certain drone-related products and dredging equipment as part of broader revisions to its dual-use export-control framework.
The impact on Indian infrastructure projects will depend on the licensing process, the availability of alternative suppliers and the ability of domestic manufacturers to meet demand.