India’s oil industry is exploring ethanol as an alternative clean cooking fuel in an effort to reduce dependence on imported liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) and strengthen energy security.
Stakeholders across the sector have suggested expanding the use of ethanol-blended or ethanol-based cooking solutions as a complementary option to traditional LPG. The initiative aligns with broader efforts to diversify fuel sources and mitigate risks arising from supply disruptions and price volatility in global LPG markets.
India currently imports a significant portion of its LPG requirements, with demand steadily rising due to population growth and increased household consumption. This import dependence exposes the country to external shocks, including geopolitical tensions and fluctuations in international energy prices.
Ethanol, which is already widely used in blending with petrol, is being evaluated for its potential in domestic cooking applications through specially designed stoves and compatible infrastructure. Industry participants believe that with appropriate policy support, ethanol could serve as a supplementary fuel in select segments, particularly in rural and semi-urban areas.
However, experts note that large-scale adoption would require addressing challenges such as supply chain logistics, pricing competitiveness, appliance compatibility, and consumer acceptance. Adequate production capacity and distribution networks will also be critical to ensure consistent availability.
The push for ethanol-based cooking solutions forms part of India’s broader energy transition strategy, which aims to promote cleaner fuels, reduce carbon emissions, and enhance self-reliance in the energy sector. While LPG is expected to remain the primary cooking fuel in the near term, ethanol could play a supportive role in diversifying the country’s energy mix.