The European Union has unveiled its latest package of sanctions against Russia, with around 50 ships from the shadow fleet targeted.
EU foreign ministers are expected to formally adopt the sanctions package on Monday.
Further sanctions are expected in the new year when Poland takes over the presidency of the EU from Hungary.
Russia remains the world’s second biggest oil exporter, brushing off sanctions to maintain its oil exports, which were 254m tonnes last year and are on track to hit 250m tonnes this year, a decline of less than 2% which maintains its market share at around 10.5%.