Port of Rotterdam reported a 1.7% decline in total cargo throughput in 2025, as weaker dry bulk volumes weighed on overall performance at Europe’s largest port.
Total throughput reached approximately 428 million tonnes for the year, with declines in coal and iron ore shipments offsetting more stable performance in container and liquid bulk segments. The port authority attributed the drop in dry bulk to softer industrial demand across Europe and the continued energy transition, which has reduced coal imports.
Iron ore volumes were also impacted by lower steel production in parts of Europe, reflecting subdued manufacturing activity and economic uncertainty. Meanwhile, agricultural bulk flows showed mixed trends depending on global supply conditions and trade patterns.
In contrast, container throughput remained relatively resilient, supported by steady consumer demand and improved supply chain reliability compared with previous years. Liquid bulk volumes, including LNG, benefited from sustained energy diversification efforts across the region.
The Port of Rotterdam Authority said it continues to focus on long-term transformation, investing in digitalisation, infrastructure upgrades and sustainability initiatives. Projects related to hydrogen, carbon capture and storage (CCS), and shore power expansion remain central to its strategy as it adapts to structural shifts in cargo flows.
While near-term market conditions remain challenging, the port expects gradual stabilisation as European industrial output recovers and global trade volumes regain momentum.